Surface Modification Patent - Stephen!

http://www.google.com/patents?id=6AgSAgAAEBAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=khalil+amine&source=bl&ots=2bneVum69x&sig=77NOtn3gpnSpQqJqaGIHO3ZPqnU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WWc_UI2aAefU2AWzuIHIDA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=khalil%20amine&f=false

Polymerizable Additives as Redox Shuttles - Patent

http://www.google.com/patents?id=0WMWAAAAEBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Redox+shuttles+for+high+voltage+cathodes&source=bl&ots=EK2uvNZGit&sig=mShPdCAdWb7aVcrylImgajejCas&hl=en&sa=X&ei=92Y_UI2hCqbe2AWWvICoDQ&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAzgU

2. A non-aqueous rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 wherein the monomer additive comprises less than about 5% by volume of the mixture of liquid electrolyte and monomer.

3. A non-aqueous rechargeable lithium ion battery having a maximum operating charging voltage and overcharge protection comprising:

a lithium insertion compound cathode;

a lithium insertion compound anode;

a separator;

a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte incapable of polymerizing at voltages greater than the maximum operating voltage of the lithium ion battery such that the battery is protected during overcharge abuse; and

an aromatic additive mixed in said liquid electrolyte, said additive polymerizing at battery voltages greater than the maximum operating voltage thereby increasing the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery and protecting the battery during overcharge abuse.

Dahn's thianthrene redox shuttle

http://www.google.com/patents?id=qZQXAAAAEBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Redox+shuttles+for+high+voltage+cathodes&source=bl&ots=pTckq6ntnI&sig=0-tTKcgF0J-o3qjM8s39TeEinm0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2GQ_UMrOGoeq2gX6i4G4DQ&ved=0CEoQ6AEwCQ

18. A method for providing a rechargeable, electrochemical cell, comprising the steps of

providing an anode and a cathode,

providing an electrolyte in contact with said anode and said cathode; and

dissolving within said electrolyte a thianthrene based compound for acting as a redox shuttle reagent to provide overcharge protection to the cell.

19. A method for providing a rechargeable, electrochemical cell according to claim 18 wherein the step of providing an electrolyte includes the step of providing a Li salt dissolved in an organic solvent or a solvent mixture selected from ethers, carbonates esters, sulfones, ketones and lactones.

20. A method for providing a rechargeable, electrochemical cell according to claim 18 wherein the step of providing an electrolyte includes the step of providing a polymer electrolyte comprised of a Li salt, a polymer host and a plasticizer solvent.

21. A method for providing a rechargeable, electrochemical cell according to claim 18 wherein the step of providing a thianthrene containing compound includes the step of providing 2,7-diacetyl thianthrene.

Dahn's patent on fluorinated alkoxybenzene derivatives

http://www.google.com/patents?id=1RYCAgAAEBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Redox+shuttles+for+high+voltage+cathodes&source=bl&ots=3pTaki2M4H&sig=S66F-BlIKxrSvwxEBAlllbaCaFs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=G2Y_UOSwLcm42wXv3IHIDQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA

1. A rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising:

a positive electrode having at least one electroactive material having a recharged potential;

a negative electrode;

a charge-carrying electrolyte comprising a charge carrying medium and an electrolyte salt; and

a cyclable redox chemical shuttle comprising an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary alkyl group and at least one halogenated alkoxy group, dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte and having an oxidation potential above the recharged potential of at least one of the electroactive materials of the positive electrode principal electroactive material.

2. The cell according to claim 1, wherein at least one alkoxy group comprises a fluorinated alkoxy group.

3. The cell according to claim 2, wherein the partially fluorinated alkoxy group comprises from one to about four carbon atoms.

4. The cell according to claim 3, wherein the partially fluorinated alkoxy group(s) are selected from —OCH2F, —OCH2CF3, —OCH2CF2CF3, —OCH2CF2CF2CF3, —OCH2CF2CF2H and —OCH2CF2CFHCF3.

5. The cell according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic compound is substituted with at least two tertiary alkyl groups and at least two halogenated alkoxy groups.

6. The cell according to claim 1, wherein at least one tertiary alkyl group comprises a butyl group.

7. The cell according to claim 1, wherein the shuttle comprises a compound having the formula:

wherein R1 and R2 can each, independently, be H or a tertiary alkyl group with four to twelve carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R1 or R2 is a tertiary alkyl group, wherein each Rf can, independently, be H or a halogenated alkoxy group having the formula —OR′ where R′ is a halogenated alkyl group having up to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein at least one Rf is a halogenated alkoxy group.

Amine's patent on phosphonate redox shuttles

http://www.google.com/patents?id=Auv-AQAAEBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=Redox+shuttles+for+high+voltage+cathodes&source=bl&ots=wVbU5r1XK4&sig=2DusT_PibwmwGfJZWRq9q3t438U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2GQ_UMrOGoeq2gX6i4G4DQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Redox%20shuttles%20for%20high%20voltage%20cathodes&f=false

Dahn's 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene patent

http://www.google.com/patents?id=EYaVAAAAEBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Redox+shuttles+for+high+voltage+cathodes&source=bl&ots=eMYfFrnM5a&sig=wd70Otm0sspe242rxxr24UG9Zhw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2GQ_UMrOGoeq2gX6i4G4DQ&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA

1. A lithium ion cell electrolyte comprising a charge carrying medium, lithium salt and cyclable redox chemical shuttle comprising an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary carbon organic group and at least one alkoxy group.
2. An electrolyte according to claim 1 wherein the charge carrying medium comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane or combination thereof and the lithium salt comprises LiPF6, lithium bis(oxalato)borate or combination thereof.
3. An electrolyte according to claim 1 wherein the aromatic compound has a single organic ring.
4. An electrolyte according to claim 1 wherein the aromatic compound is substituted with two tertiary carbon groups, each tertiary carbon group independently having up to 12 carbon atoms.
5. An electrolyte according to claim 1 wherein the tertiary carbon group is tert-butyl.
6. An electrolyte according to claim 1 wherein the aromatic compound is substituted with two alkoxy groups, each alkoxy group independently having up to 10 carbon atoms.
7. An electrolyte according to claim 1 wherein the aromatic compound comprises 2,5-di-tert-butyl- 1 ,4-dimethoxybenzene.

Dahn's Phenothiazine Patent

http://www.google.com/patents?id=ftiZAAAAEBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Redox+shuttles+for+high+voltage+cathodes&source=bl&ots=V318sPtkA3&sig=VypaNE89_PbRaUxiHHRS2bF1nqA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2GQ_UMrOGoeq2gX6i4G4DQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw

A cell according to claim 1 wherein the phenothiazine compound is substituted with one or more acyl, acyloxy, alkaryl, alkoxy, acetamido, amido, amino, aryl, aralkyl, alkyl carboxyl, aryl carboxyl, alkylsulfonyl, benzoyl, carbamoyl, carbamido, carboxy, cyano, formyl, halo, haloacetamido, haloacyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, haloaryl, hydroxyl, isothiocyanato, methylsulfonyloxyl, nitro, oxo, oxybenzoyl or phosphenoxy groups or combination thereof.

A cell according to claim 1 wherein the phenothiazine compound comprises 10-methyl-phenothiazine, 10-ethyl-phenothiazine, 3-chloro-10-ethyl-phenothiazine, 10-isopropyl-phenothiazine or 10-acetyl-phenothiazine or mixture thereof.

A cell according to claim 1 wherein the phenothiazine compound comprises 2-perfluoromethyl-phenothiazine, 2-chloro-10-methyl-phenothiazine, 2-ethyl-10-methyl-phenothiazine, 3-bromo-10-ethyl-phenothiazine, 3-chloro-10-methyl-phenothiazine, 3-iodo-10-methyl-phenothiazine, 10-methyl-phenothiazin-3-ol, 10-methyl-phenothiazin-3-ylamine, 2,10-dimethyl-phenothiazine, 3,10-dimethyl-phenothiazine, 3-methyl-10-ethyl-phenothiazine, 4,10-dimethyl-phenothiazine, 3,7,10-trimethyl-phenothiazine, 10-(2-chloroethyl)-phenothiazine, 10-formyl-phenothiazine, 10-methoxy-phenothiazine, 10-methoxymethyl-phenothiazine, 10-phenyl-phenothiazine, 10-propionyl-phenothiazine, 10-methyl-phenothiazine-4-carboxylic acid or mixture thereof.

A cell according to claim 1 wherein the phenothiazine compound comprises 2-cyano-10-perfluoromethylsulfonyl-phenothiazine, 2-methoxy-10-perfluoromethylsulfonyl-phenothiazine, 2-perfluoromethyl-10-perfluoromethylsulfonyl-phenothiazine, 10-perfluoromethyl-phenothiazine, 10-perfluoromethylsulfonyl-phenothiazine, 10-(1,1,1,2,3,3)-hexafluoropropyl-phenothiazine or mixture thereof.