Challenges Facing Lithium Batteries and Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/anie.201201429/asset/9994_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=h7kl03y6&s=31963e2a8782673a20be65d4d6991d07c262f719

Accessing the Synthetic Chemistry of Radical Ions

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejoc.201101071/abstract

Organic reactions involving radical cation and radical anion intermediates are synthetically powerful umpolung processes that enable electronically mismatched couplings between pairs of electron-rich or pairs of electron-poor organic fragments. Nevertheless, the adoption of these reactions as synthetic methods has been relatively slow in comparison with that of reactions involving more conventional reactive intermediates such as carbanions, carbocations, and neutral radicals. This Microreview provides a brief survey of radical ion chemistry and highlights the use of transition metal photocatalysis as a convenient means to investigate radical-ion-mediated transformations.

Applications of Metallocenes in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries for Overcharge Protection

http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/139/1/5

One problem encountered in the development of rechargeable lithium batteries is the protection of individual cells from overcharging. In this work the addition of metallocene derivatives to cell electrolytes to provide overcharge protection was investigated. Eleven ferrocene derivatives were studied in terms of their redox potentials and mass transport properties in electrochemical cells and “AA”‐size  rechargeable cells employing  in 50/50 volume percent propylene carbonate/ethylene carbonate (PC/EC) as the electrolyte. The chemical and electrochemical properties of these metallocene derivatives were also studied in terms of the chemical stability of the derivatives toward cell components and electrochemical reversibility in long‐term cycling studies. It was found that adsorption of one derivative, dimethylaminomethylferrocene, on the  electrode ( based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm), blocked the intercalation of Li⁺ ions into the  electrode.

n‐Butylferrocene for Overcharge Protection of Secondary Lithium Batteries

http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/137/6/1856

Electrochemical Characterization of SEI-Type Passivating Films Using Redox Shuttles

http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/159/7/A1057.full.pdf+html?sid=f006219b-2c67-4fed-94d0-99ad7757ade6

substituents on ferrocene and Hammet coefficients

In situUV–visible spectroscopy: characterization of overcharge protection additives for secondary lithiumbatteries

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775399001792

In situ spectroscopic investigation of the anodic oxidation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene at platinum electrodes

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379677997038277